Catalog of manufacturers of special equipment and equipment for landscaping

The project of urban improvement, public and courtyard territories, parks plays an important role in creating a harmonious environment.
The improvement of the urban area can be divided into two directions:
1. The development of the territories of the municipality (construction of roads, utilities, city squares, parks, buildings, etc.). Is determined by the General Plan for the development of the city;
2. Maintenance, repair and operation of existing public facilities.
Landscaping includes a number of measures:

• improvement of sanitary and hygienic conditions of residential development;
• artificial lighting of urban areas;
• equipping urban areas with the necessary equipment;
• transport and engineering services for the population;
• improving the urban environment by landscaping it;
• sanitary cleaning products.

When designing a new territory or reconstructing an old territory, several principles and rules must be taken into account. At present, due attention should be paid to the principles of universality and accessibility of the environment, equality of the environment for all residents of the city. The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also tells us about this, and is also regulated by regulatory documents such as SP 59.13330.2016 "Accessibility of buildings and structures for low-mobility groups of the population" , etc.

1. Equality in use. Yard equipment can be used by all members of the society without exception, regardless of their physical abilities.
2. Flexibility in use. Guided by this principle, when designing, it will be possible to make the elements of the equipment convenient for the maximum number of residents.
3. Intuitive design. It is not necessary to load it with difficult-to-use equipment when developing a territory improvement project.
4. The information should be easily perceived. The necessary information should be conveyed as clearly as possible.
5. Safety of landscaping elements. It should be borne in mind that no matter how safe the equipment is, an error can always occur, leading to negative consequences.
6. The physical effort should be low. Any elements of landscaping should be as convenient as possible to use without using special physical effort.
7. Availability of space. For each type of equipment or element of landscaping of the yard territory, it is necessary to consider whether there is enough space around it

The rules for the improvement of the territory of the municipality are approved by the representative body of the relevant municipality.
The rules for the improvement of the territory of a municipality may regulate the following issues:

• the content of public territories and the procedure for using such territories;
• the appearance of facades and enclosing structures of buildings, structures, structures;
• design, placement, maintenance and restoration of landscaping elements, including after earthworks;
• organization of lighting of the territory of the municipality, including architectural illumination of buildings, structures, structures;
• organization of landscaping of the territory of the municipality, including the procedure for creating, maintaining, restoring and protecting lawns, flower beds and other territories occupied by herbaceous plants located within the borders of settlements;
• placement of information on the territory of the municipality, including the installation of signs with street names and house numbers, signage;
• placement and maintenance of children's and sports grounds, playgrounds for walking animals, parking lots( parking spaces), small architectural forms;
• organization of pedestrian communications, including sidewalks, alleys, paths, paths;
• arrangement of the territory of the municipality in order to ensure unhindered movement of disabled people and other low-mobility groups of the population through the specified territory;
• cleaning of the territory of the municipality, including in winter;
• organization of stormwater runoff;
• the procedure for carrying out earthworks;
• participation, including financial participation, of owners and (or) other legal owners of buildings, structures, structures, land plots (with the exception of owners and (or) other legal owners of premises in apartment buildings, land plots for which are not formed or are formed along the borders of such houses) in the maintenance of adjacent territories;
• determination of the borders of adjacent territories in accordance with the procedure established by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation;
• festive decoration of the territory of the municipality;
• the procedure for the participation of citizens and organizations in the implementation of measures for the improvement of the territory of the municipality;
• monitoring compliance with the rules of improvement of the territory of the municipality.

The law may provide for other issues regulated by the rules of improvement of the territory of a municipality, based on the natural-climatic, geographical, socio-economic and other features of individual municipalities.

The system of landscaping is a set of programs and plans that are closely related to each other. Recreational areas are an important component of the urban environment - these are forest parks, parks, gardens, squares, boulevards, as well as green areas of adjacent and intra-block territories.
During the reconstruction of urban areas, it is necessary to preserve, develop and create all types of green spaces, trying to bring the level of landscaping closer to the required standards. The current regulations establish that the level of greening of the territory of urban development should be at least 40%; within the boundaries of the territory of the residential zone-at least 25%; quarter or microdistrict-at least 10%. This norm can be reduced only if the residential area is adjacent to a park, forest park, city garden or square. In cities with enterprises that require the installation of sanitary protection zones, the indicators of greening should be increased by at least 15%. This indicator includes landscaping of sanitary protection and industrial zones.
Landscaping in the city, in addition to aesthetic beauty, protects from the effects of exhaust gases, and also absorbs harmful gases contained in the air. When landscaping areas of the city, it is recommended to plant various types of trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants. Trees and shrubs should be planted no closer than 5 meters from buildings. Green spaces should be planted in the form of multi-tiered continuous plantings with a dense foliage cover. Trees are planted from the building at a distance of four of its heights. In addition to windproof properties, trees play an important role in the fight against noise. They absorb up to 24% of the sound energy, and reflect the rest of it, scattering it in all directions. Even in a leafless state, green spaces reduce the noise level by 2-6 dBA. No one architectural object is rented without landscaping the territory. Trees protect buildings from snowstorms, preventing snow drifts, as well as forming sufficient snow cover

Landscaping is becoming both a philosophy and an industry. Landscape design as a science is constantly developing, new technologies and opportunities are emerging. The art of landscape design develops synchronously with the processes taking place in society
Landscape design today has three main features:

1. The greening of garden and park objects by preserving or recreating the natural basis of the landscape where possible.
2. Using the opportunities of modern scientific and technological progress: landscape reclamation of disturbed territories, the creation of gardens on and under the roof, the formation of artificial reservoirs and terrain. The emergence of new types of landscaping at production sites, factories with special technology that imposes increased requirements on the environment, at scientific institutions, complex transport hubs.
3. The complexity and development of landscaping systems associated with the growth of cities, the emergence of new styles in landscape architecture and the combination of various materials

Depending on the stage of improvement work, different equipment and tools are used.

• Preparatory work: backhoe loaders, dump trucks, mini-loaders.
• Earthworks and communications: excavators and graders, trench diggers and mini excavators, dump trucks of various load capacities.
• Main works: backhoe loaders, graders, asphalt laying machines, rollers, a vibrating plate or an excavator with a hydraulic hammer and a ramming nozzle

Currently, paving slabs have become one of the most popular and unclaimed building materials. Tiles are used in the construction of sidewalks, minor lightly loaded roads in settlements, sites around cafes, office establishments and shops. You can also use paving slabs for landscaping garden areas and park areas. The durability and beauty of the future site depends on strict compliance with the technology of laying paving slabs. In the Russian Federation, paving slabs are laid mainly by hand. A dry-type mixture is used for laying paving slabs. As a rule, it is a mixture of sand and cement in a certain ratio. It is distributed only after all the paving slabs are laid on the working site. The distribution of the dry mixture is currently mainly also performed manually. Recently, specialized machines and equipment have been increasingly used - they speed up laying by 3-4 times and minimize manual labor. The main disadvantages of using such machines are the immutability of the dimensions of the laid package of paving slabs and the need to attract additional equipment or a live working distribution of the dry mixture in the cracks between individual tiles.

The task of improving the urban environment is to create a favorable living environment for a modern resident of a megalopolis with comfortable conditions for all types of his activities. The aesthetic problem of landscaping and organization of recreational areas is important for creating a comfortable living environment. It is important to correctly determine the proportionality of the space in relation to the person, so that the person who is in the yard feels comfortable.
Creating an environment for a person – comfortable, attractive, safe, combining the advantages of living in the city and the natural desire of citizens for nature, preserving traditions and new technologies – is a problem that faces all modern megacities. In this context, the formation of the urban landscape, and above all, the landscape of the residential environment, which is diverse in directions, effective, innovative in methods and means, is of particular importance. Intra-block, courtyard spaces are a part of the urban environment that is closest to a person – whether it is old quarters or residential areas. It is here that the quality of landscaping is evaluated by residents most carefully, in detail, in the context of everyday life.

During operation, under the influence of aggressive environmental factors, features of technological processes, the properties of materials and structures change, the risk of violating their quality and causing damage to the environment increases. Therefore, it is important to correctly and timely assess the condition of structures and equipment of buildings, make a forecast about the possibility of developing defects and develop measures to stabilize or eliminate them.
A building survey is a set of measures to assess the technical condition of building structures and engineering networks of a building or structure, in order to develop decisions on the need for repair, reconstruction or demolition of a building on the basis of this assessment.
Work on conducting surveys includes:

• familiarization with the condition of structures and drawing up a survey program;
• visual inspection of structures;
• determination of the strength of structures;
• determination of reinforcement;
• assessment of the condition of structures based on the analysis of the obtained data